Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 12 3 2020 09 30 256 270 Soheil Abbasi HSE management student, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRAN Payam Khourdustan HSE management student, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRAN Rasoul Sayyadi HSE management student, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRAN Saeid Jalilpour BSc, Marketing and Sales HSSE Advisor, Royal Dutch Shell, Netherland Seyed Shamseddin Alizadeh Assistant professor, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2020 08 17 2021 01 01 The likelihood of incident occurring in oil and gas industries is high due to the inherent risks associated to high temperature, high pressure, hydrocarbon, and etc. One of the prominent incidents that have taken place is the Texas refinery explosion. The purpose of this review was to investigate the causes of the BP Texas refinery incident. There are three sources of references for the reviewed articles: Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. The search results were filtered according to six selection criteria, and after reading the abstracts and full texts, ten articles were included in this review. These studies and reports were reviewed to understand modeling and simulation of the incident process and to identify the root causes of the incident. The review highlights the main factors that led to the incident including: lack of management of change (MOC), maintenance, preliminary hazard analysis, lack of effective safety barriers, and human errors in some sectors. It is recommended that lessons learned from the incident be shared to relevant parties to improve the process safety and further studies on safety barriers and their failure instead of simulation of the incident dynamics. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/452 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/452/645