Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 17 4 2026 09 13 227 233 EN Heidar Mohammadi Department of Occupational Safety & Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Iran Ali Barzegar Department of Occupational Safety & Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Iran Zahra Sadat Mousavi Fard Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahram Vosoughi Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saber Moradi Hanifi Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 02 01 2025 06 29 Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and safety climate through the mediating role of mental health among workers at Iran Khodro Company. Methods: This descriptive–analytical study, employing a modeling approach, was conducted in 2024 among workers at one of Iran Khodro Automobile Company’s dealerships. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula and 410 individuals were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires: the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI), the Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ), and the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ). The reliability of these instruments was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha, with values of 0.875 for organizational culture, 0.994 for safety climate, and 0.911 for mental health. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The study revealed significant positive correlations between organizational culture components, such as leadership (r=0.523), strategic emphases (r=0.512), and employee management (r=0.491) and safety climate (P<0.001). Structural equation modeling confirmed model validity (CFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.06), demonstrating interlinks among culture, safety, and mental health (R=0.467). Leadership and strategic priorities were key predictors, while mental health mediated safety outcomes. Conclusion: Organizational culture is fundamental in fostering an effective safety climate and promoting mental health of employees. Enhancing organizational culture through managerial commitment, employee participation, improved communication, and appropriate allocation of resources can lead to improved safety conditions and mental well-being among the workforce. Moreover, a concurrent focus on both safety climate and mental health can significantly augment the effectiveness of safety programs within the organization. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/668 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/668/889