Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 17 3 2026 06 08 178 189 Neda Mehrparvar Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soqrat Omari Shekaftik Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 08 05 2025 08 31 Background: Occupational Health and Safety deals with hazards in the workplace through Anticipation, Recognition, Evaluation, and Control (AREC). Modern workplaces are given considerable digital makeovers, trying to integrate AI, IoT, robotics, and VR/AR, which from a wide perspective really distort OHS approaches in their being. These technologies put forth expectations of miraculous improvements but also pose newer risks. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to systematically examine the changes brought by AI and digitalization to the OHS missions. Searches were made through PubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science, while Google was also used to retrieve organizational reports. Information was grouped and analyzed within the AREC framework, detailing the newest achievements as well as challenges. Results: Exoskeletons prevent musculoskeletal injuries; UAVs inspect inaccessible areas; IoT enables real-time monitoring; VR/AR offers immersive training and hazard recognition; AI and robots predict hazards and automate dangerous tasks; and advanced technologies improve OHS across AREC. However, in addition to new physical risks from human-machine interaction, this adoption brings with it cybersecurity threats, data privacy issues, the possibility of job displacement, the risk that an over-reliance on technology will erode human skills, and complex ethical implications. Conclusion: In conclusion, digitalization has revolutionary OHS benefits, but it also necessitates a worker-centered, ethical, and balanced approach. Companies need to make training investments, make sure that data is used ethically, conduct in-depth risk assessments, and promote ongoing development. To guarantee safe, and efficient technology integration, policymakers and researchers play a critical role in revising laws, creating ethical frameworks, and examining long-term impacts. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/708 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/708/881