<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="International Journal of Occupational Hygiene">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>International Journal of Occupational Hygiene</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2008-5109</Issn>
      <Volume>17</Volume>
      <Issue>3</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>06</Month>
        <Day>08</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">The Effects of White, Pink, and Violet Noise on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Healthy Office Workers: An Experimental Study</title>
    <FirstPage>207</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>213</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Seyedeh Morvarid</FirstName>
        <LastName>Mousavi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Ali</FirstName>
        <LastName>Khavanin</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Shahram</FirstName>
        <LastName>Vosoughi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>13</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>22</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">&#xA0; Background: Prolonged exposure to work-related stressors in office environments can elevate physiological indicators such as blood pressure and heart rate. While music has been shown to reduce stress, it may interfere with cognitive performance. Colored noises&#x2014;such as white, pink, and violet&#x2014;are emerging as potential alternatives for promoting relaxation without compromising concentration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to three types of colored noise (white, pink, and violet) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate among healthy office workers.
&#xD;

&#xA0; Methods: This experimental research was conducted in 2024 on 43 office employees without a history of cardiovascular disease to evaluate the effects of 4 colored noises on blood pressure and heart rate. Participants were exposed to each noise type at 65 dB for 30 minutes on separate days. Baseline and post-exposure measurements of blood pressure and heart rate were recorded and analyzed by ANNOVA Test by SPSS-27. The ambient noise level of the testing room was 44.8 dB.
&#xD;

&#xA0; Results: The findings showed that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased only after exposure to pink noise (p &lt; 0.05). Although the heart rate also decreased following exposure to pink noise, the reduction was not statistically significant. No significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate were observed after exposure to white or violet noise.
&#xD;

&#xA0; Conclusion: Exposure to colored noise, particularly pink noise, may help reduce physiological stress responses such as elevated heart rate and diastolic blood pressure in healthy office workers. These findings support the potential use of colored noise as a simple, non-invasive intervention for stress management in workplace settings.
&#xD;

&#xA0; Keywords: Stress, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, White Noise, Pink Noise, Violet Noise</abstract>
    <web_url>https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/722</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/722/884</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
