Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 1 9 EN HAMIDREZA HEIDARI Deptartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FARIDEH GOLBABAEI Deptartment of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ALIAKBAR SHAMSIPOUR Deptartment of Physical Geography, School of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ABBAS RAHIMI FOROUSHANI Deptartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ABBASALI GAEINI Deptartment of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran . 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 In this  cross sectional s tudy carried out in s pring and s ummer, 79 farmers working  in different  job  pos itions including agriculture, hus bandry and horticulture in north of Iran were participa ted. Evaluation of the heat s tres s was conducted us ing Wet Bulb Glob Temperature (WBGT) index according ISO7243 and heat s train evaluation us ing  meas uring  the  individual  phys iological  res pons es  including  aural,  oral  and  mean  s kin  temperatures according ISO 9886. The demographic characteris tics of the s ubjects s uch as age, job experience, BMI and body area were als o gathered  through a ques tionnaire. In general, the s ubjects were in middle ages  (38.44±8.86 yr) and mean and s tandard deviation of years  of expe rience were almos t high (17.49±9.41 yr), too. The s tatis tical analys is was performed  by SPSS 18 s oftware. The  res ults  s howed that the WBGT index values  had  ranging from 24 to  32.6°C in  s ummer  regardles s  of clothing  ins ulation,  metabolic  rate  and  work  res t  regimens .  Of cours e, by correction of thes e parameters the WBGT will accompany with an incens ement. Convers ely, the heat s train monitoring revealed that in no cas e the aural and oral temperatures are higher than the limit allowed. The bes t correlation  coefficient  was obtained  for aural temperature  and WBGT index (r= 0.84, P< 0.001). It  s eems that evaluation of hot and humid environment us ing WBGT index can be as s ociated with an overes timation and encountered our judgment about the environmental condition with a s ignificant error. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/122 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/122/121

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 10 16 EN AHMADREZA SHOKRI Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Iran. FARIDEH GOLBABAEI Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran. ASGHAR SEDDIGH-ZADEH Nuclear Fusion Division, Atomic Energy Organization, Iran. MOHAMMAD-REZA BANESHI Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Iran. NADER ASGARKASHANI Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University, Iran. ALI FAGHIHI-ZARANDI Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Iran. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Bioaerosols are the most significant risk for exposed people leads to infectious diseases. This study was aimed at evaluation of physical and microscopic characteristics and submicron particulate filtration efficiency of surgical masks used in hospitals throughout Iran. Five types of domestic (Zist Filter, ElhamTeb and Arman masks) and imported (Blosom, Face Masks) surgical masks were tested separately for physical characteristics and submicron particulate filtration efficiency based on Standards AS 4381-1996 and ISIRI 6138. Arman mask had  the  maximum levels  in  fluid  resistance  (112  cm of  water),  pressure  drop  (35±2.58  Pa)  and particulate filtration efficiency (66.5475%±6.14951) and lowest averages of pore diameter (18.7micron).ElhamTeb had the least weight (59.51 2.46 g/m2) and fluid resistance (50.3 cm of water). Zist filter had the least thickness and pressure drop (11 ±1.82 Pa). Blosom had the least particulate filtration efficiency (27.8275 % ±4.44152) and highest averages of pore diameter (425 micron) and fiber diameter (20 micron).The particulate filtration efficiency in the domestic masks (56.130% ±10.07) was more than imported masks (31.906 % ±7.062). Domestic surgical masks have a better quality than imported masks but they cannot satisfy the required level of quality, yet. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/123 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/123/122

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 17 21 EN FARAMARZ MADJIDI Department of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 High intensity optical radiation can cause damage to the eye and intense radiation in the range of 770-1400 nm can cause thermal retinal damage. In the workplaces where there are high temperature sources, the workers in front of these hot  sources without bright light maybe exposed to the  intense IR radiation, thus regular measurement of these radiations seems crucial. Measurement of IR radiations by radiometer in  specific wavelength ranges is elusive. Moreover, when radiometers are used, the correct application of the recommended exposure limits requires knowledge of spectral radiance which seems sophisticated for hygienists. The main objective of the present study is applying a model to express retinal thermal injury in terms of temperature for molten aluminum ovens in an aluminum foundry that emit optical radiation without visible light. In the proposed model, ACGIH TLVs for retinal thermal injury in the range of 770 to 1400 nm was used where source luminance was under 0.01 cd/cm2. Also, by using the output results of this proposed model it is possible to present a new chart for evaluation of exposure to IR for hot sources based on Threshold Temperature. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/124 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/124/150

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 22 26 EN TEIMOUR ALLAHYARI Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran. FARIN KHANEHSHENAS Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran. HAMIDREZA KHALKHALI Department of Statistics, Faculty of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 The present study was conducted to examine the effect of using latex and nitrile examination gloves on hand dexterity.  A  sample  consisting  of  30  university  students  from  Urmia  University  of  Medical  Sciences participated in this study in 2013. The participants conducted Purdue pegboard test in three experimental conditions: bare hand (control), with latex gloves and with nitrile gloves. Both gross and fine finger dexterity tests were calculated and result of analysis showed that the differences between three groups of experimental condition from level of gross to fine finger dexterity was statistically significant (P=0.021, P=0.025). Levels of both gross and fine finger dexterity with latex gloves were significantly different from the nitrile gloves (P=0.021, P=0.009) and levels of both gross and levels of both gross and fine finger dexterity with latex gloves was slightly significant different comparison to bare hand (P=0.023, P=0.019). Use of latex gloves could slightly improve dexterity; however, this effect was not observed while using nitrile gloves. The present study confirmed nitrile gloves as an alternative for latex gloves without loss of dexterity in large and small hand movements. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/125 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/125/124

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 27 31 EN FATEMEH TANHA Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. HOSSEINALI RANGKOOY Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran MOSTAFA MARZBAN Master Student of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. ELAHE KAZEMI Master Student of Occupational Health, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Damghan, Iran. FATEMEH RASOOLYKALAMAKI Ph.D Student of Health Services Management, Department of Health Services Management, School of Medical Sciences, Sari Islamic Azad University (SIAU), Sari, Iran. AFSHIN DEBIEHKHOSRAVI Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Population growth, industrial pollution and high-energy consumption, cause the release of significant amounts of pollutants in the environment. Power plants play an important role in the release of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide. If the necessary measures in the field of prevention and control do not be implemented, human health and other living creatures would be at risk. The aim of this study was to control management of gaseous pollutants emissions from power plants using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this study, first, the emission rate of power plant pollutants from existing monitors was directly examined. In order to determine priority control from a variety of pollutants, SO2, NOX, and CO2 gases were selected using the AHP method. Assessment criteria were determined using previous studies. To specify the priority control first the weight matrix of criteria determination and then the relative weight of each of the pollutants was identified. Finally, the ultimate weight of each pollutant was identified using the calculation of the arithmetic mean in the AHP method. Among the trio-selected pollutants determined for priority control, the NOX  with the final weight of 0.577 was regarded as the first priority, SO2  with the final weight of 0.32 considered as the second priority and the third priority was specified to CO2  with the final weight of 0.093. The present study is a new approach to identify and prioritize pollutants. It has provided the ability to plan and carry out the appropriate control design for power plant pollutants. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/126 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/126/125

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 32 37 EN IRAJ MOHAMMADFAM Department of Industrial Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Hamadan, Iran. NAHID MANSOURI Department of Health, Safety and Environment Engineering (HSE), Science and research branch Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran. HANIEH NIKOOMARAM Department of Health, Safety and Environment Engineering (HSE), Science and research branch Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran. FAKHRADIN GHASEMI Department of Industrial Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Hamadan, Iran. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 The adverse consequences of major accident events have led to development of accident analysis techniques to investigate thoroughly the accidents. However, each technique has its own advantages and shortcomings,which make it very difficult to find a single technique being capable of analyzing all types of accidents. Therefore, the comparison of accident analysis techniques would help finding out their capabilities in different circumstances to choose the most one. In this research, the techniques CBA and AABF were compared with Tripod β in order to determine the superior technique for analysis of major accidents in manufacturing industries. At first step, the comparison criteria were developed using Delphi Method. Afterwards, the relative importance of each criterion was qualitatively determined and the qualitative values were then converted to the quantitative values  applying  Fuzzy  triangular  numbers.  Finally,  the  TOPSIS  was  used  to  prioritize  the techniques in terms of the preset criteria. The results of the study showed that Tripod β is superior to the CBA and AABF. It is highly recommended to compare all available accident analysis techniques based on proper criteria in order to select the best one whereas improper choice of accident analysis techniques may lead to misguided results. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/127 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/127/126

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 38 44 EN ZAHRA ZADEHGHOLAM PhD Student in Higher Education Administration, Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. FARIBA KIANI PhD in Psychology, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. HAMED KHASTWO-HASHJIN MSc in Education Management, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran. MOHAMMADREZA KHODABAKHSH PhD in Psychology, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Important factor in the prevention of industrial accidents involve of the ability of employees to maintain awareness of the work situation, understand the information it holds, and predict how situations will develop. In this study, we examined the role of fatigue and work overload in predicting work situation awareness among workers. The current study was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisting of 180 employees in National Petrochemical Company in 2014 was selected according to the stratified random sampling method and responded to questionnaires about demography characteristics, work situation awareness, fatigue and work overload. The data were analyzed by correlation techniques and stepwise regression. There was internal correlation among fatigue, work overload and work situation awareness. In addition, the results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that fatigue and work overload significantly predicted, respectively, almost 33% and 14% of variances of work situation awareness among workers. Fatigue and work overload can predict work situation awareness. Therefore, considering these variables can be important to promoting the awareness of work situation among workers. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/128 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/128/127

Tehran University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Occupational Hygiene 2008-5109 7 1 2015 10 14 45 52 EN WAFA BAWAB Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon. KHOULOUD ISMAIL Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon. SANAA AWADA Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon. SAMAR RACHIDI Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon. AMAL HAJJE Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon. PASCALE SALAMEH Laboratory of Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Low back pain (LBP) is a widespread musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. It causes disability that influence work performance in individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of LBP in the middle-aged office workers in the Lebanese Population. In this observational, cross-sectional study performed in 2013, overall, 250 office workers aged between 20 and 64 years from different Lebanese companies and banks filled out a questionnaire containing various predictor individual and occupational factors. Our results show that 112 (44.8%) of the recruited population suffer from back pain. Females are the most affected (68%) versus males (32%) (P=0.023). The logistic regression showed that LBP was positively associated with backbone crookedness (P=0.003), knee pain (P<0.001), wrist pain (P=0.002), contractions (P=0.014), numbness (P=0.009), previous treatment for back pain (P<0.001), doctor consultation (P=0.029), household work for 3-6 hours (P=0.001), maintaining same posture for > 5 hours (P=0.024), fear of changing job (P=0.036) and higher BMI (P=0.005). However, use of ergonomic chair, job advancement satisfaction, making radiography was negatively associated with LBP with P value=0.072, 0.022, 0.005 respectively. LBP has an important prevalence among office worker in Lebanon. This study might help to estimate low back problems in office workers and emphasize healthy lifestyle, ergonomic measurement and holding educational programs. https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/view/129 https://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijoh/article/download/129/128