Air Emission Factors and Emission Rates in Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing
,
Abstract
This study was focused on measuring air pollutants emission from factories producing the asphalt related products in Delijan Industrial Estate, which is the main center of asphalt related products in Iran. Emissions of four factories were analyzed for air pollutants using a stack analyzer, Testo 360, Testo Co., and Germany. The average concentration of all measured stacks for PM, THC, CO, NOx, SO2, and CO2 was 698.0, 195.4, 109.3,and 30.7, 15.1 mg/m3 and 5.17%, respectively. Estimation of the emission rate for the studied factories with total annual production of 46,500 tons of shingles and rolling asphalt revealed the annual emissions of 32.9, 8.9,5.0, 1.4, 1.1, and 4,423.4 tons/yr for PM, THC, CO, NOx, SO2, and CO2 respectively. It was also shown 435.4,118.2, 66.7, 189.4, 14.1, and 58,503.1 tons/yr for those pollutants by all factories in Delijan Industrial Estate with annual production of 615,000 tons. The emission factors for the above-mentioned pollutants were 708.1,192.2, 108.4, 30.8, 22.9, and 95,127 g/ton respectively. Comparing the results with national standard showed that, the PM emission concentration was 2 times greater than Iranian emission standard (250 mg/m3) and its emission factor exceeded the USEPA emission factor. The rest of pollutants concentrations and emission factors were in the range of both standards. In conclusion, all studied factories need to reduce their particle emission using appropriate air cleaners.
Trumbore D, Jankousky A, Hockman EL, Sanders R, Calkin J, Szczepanik S, Owens R. Emission factors for asphalt-related emissions in roofing manufacturing. Environ Prog 2005; 24(3): 268-278.
US Environmental Protection Agency. Atmospheric Emissions from Asphalt Roofing Processes (Contract No. 68-02-1321, Pedco Environmental, Cincinnati, OH). 1976.
Wolfgang FR, Lynn MH, Monica AM, Glen RC, Bernd RTS. Sources of Fine Organic Aerosol, 7. Hot Asphalt Roofing Tar Pot Fumes. Environ Sci Technol 1997; 31(10): 2726–2730.
Kermani M, Naddafi K, Shariat M, Mesbah AS. Chemical Composition of TSP and PM10 and their Relations with Meteorological Parameters in the Ambient Air of Shariati Hospital District. Iran J Public Health 2003; 32(4): 68-72.
Karimzadegan H, Rahmatian M, Farhud DD, Yu M. Economic Valuation of Air Pollution Health Impacts in the Tehran Area, Iran. Iran J Public Health 2008; 37(1): 20-30.
Pooeniak M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the occupational environment during exposure to bitumen fumes. Pol J Environ Stud 2005; 14(6): 809-815.
Partanen T, Artanen T, Boffeta P. Cancer risk in asphalt workers and roofers: Review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Am J Ind Med 1994; 26(7): 721-729.
Partanen T, Boffeta P, Heikkila R. Cancer risk for European asphalt workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995; 21(5): 252-259.
ACGIH. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. American Conference of Governmental Occupational Hygienists. ACGIH Press. Cincinnati, Ohio. 2009.
IARC. Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity: an Updating of IARC Monographs. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Lyon, France. 1987.
John U, John C, Emma S, Helen C. An Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the UK. Ann Occup Hyg 2006. 50(4): 395-403.
Thomas B, Walter S, Pascal W, Rainer F, Wolfgang A. Mortality in a German Cohort of Asphalt Workers with Potential Bitumen Exposure. J Occup Environ Hyg 2007; 4(S1): 201–208.
Reinhold R, Uwe M, Kurt K, Renate P, Dietmar B. Bitumen Emissions on Workplaces in Germany. J Occup Environ Hyg 2007; 4(S1): 77–86.
Gerald R, Dennis P, John B. Chemical and mutagenic properties of asphalt fume condensates generated under laboratory and field conditions. Mutat Res-Gen Tox En 2000; 469(21): 41-50.
Michael RR, David CT. Reduction of Asphalt Fumes in Roofing Kettles. Environ Sci Technol 2000; 34 (12): 2582–2586.
ARMA. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Asphalt Processing and Roofing Manufacturing Operations. The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association. 1998. (Report for EPA), retrieved July 14, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://unjobs.org/authors/asphalt-roofing-manufacturers-association.
USEPA. Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Industry Background Information for Proposed Standards. US Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA-450/3-80-021a. PB 80 212111). Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1980.
U.S. EPA. Procedures for Preparing Emission Factor Documents. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1997.
Mansouri N, Nouri J. Development of particulate matter and heavy metal emission factors for Kerman copper industries. Iran J Public Health 2004; 33(1) 22-26.
Iran’s Markazi Industrial Estates Corporation. Estates & Regions, Estates, Delijan. Retrieved July 14, 2009. from the World Wide Web: http://www.miec.ir/index3.php
Markazi Province’s General Office of Environmental (Iran). Yearly report 2005 (Persian), General Office of Environmental, Markazi Province. 2005.
US Environmental Protection Agency. AP-42 Chapter 11 Section 2, Asphalt Roofing, AP-42 Fourth Edition. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 1995.
Kaivani N. Environmental Standards and regulations (Persian), Iran Department of Environment Press, Tehran. 1998.
Passant NR. Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Stationary Sources in the United Kingdom: A Review of Emission Factors by Species and Process, Prepared by Warren Spring Laboratory for the Department of Environment. 1993.
Marc D. Chemicals Products or Processing, Asphalt Blowing, Environment Canada, Criteria Air Contaminants Division, Pollution Data Branch. 1996.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6 No 4 (2014) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Published | 2015-10-14 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Air pollution Particle Matter Hydrocarbon Asphalt Roofing Emission Factor | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
