Evaluation of Ventilation Performance Parameters for an On-Gun Welding Prototype
,
Abstract
Reported exposures to hazardous fumes and gases from the welding process indicate the importance of using effective ventilation systems to control these emissions. This study was designated to control the welding contaminants and to utilize the performance of a prototype on-gun system in bench scale. The study evaluated ventilation parameters including exhaust flow rate, capture velocity, and lastly, duct and face velocities for the system of interest. Hood operation was tested at 34.06 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM). ISO 10882-1 (part 1) method, the gravimetric method, was used to determine the total particle concentration and hood efficiency. The study found that, in general, when the hood face was located at 2 cm from the gas nozzle, capture velocity in arc point reached 140 fpm. By increasing the distance to 4-6 cm, the capture velocity decreased to 100 and 60 fpm, respectively. We concluded that the distance of the hood face from nozzle had a direct effect on capture efficiency. The evaluated hood could reduce exposure risk of welding fumes with a capture efficiency of 77.73% in the hood distance of 2 cm from the nozzle.
1. Hewitt PJ, Hirst AA. A systems approach to the control of welding fumes at source. Ann Occup Hyg 1993; 37(3): 297-306.
2. McMillan GHG. The health of welders in Her Majesty's Dockyards at Devonport, Portsmouth, Rosyth and Chatham: a review of the literature relating to the sources, nature, control, actual and potential biological effects of particulate and gaseous pollutants arising from welding processes used in HM Dockyards. MD thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 1983.
3. Antonini JM, Santamaria AB, Jenkins NT, Albini E, Lucchini R. Fate of manganese associated with the inhalation of welding fumes: potential neurological effects. Neurotoxicology 2006; 27(3): 304-10.
4. Wang J. Development and assessment of a novel amorphous silica encapsulation technology for mitigating biotoxicity of welding fume particles. Ph.D. thesis, University of Florida, USA, 2013.
5. Sheykhzade GA, Teymouri H, Amani J, Niroom and AH. Simulation and numerical analysis of dilution ventilation in a welding shop and explore optimal entry and exit of air. 2nd National Industrial Ventilation & Hygiene Conference, Tehran 2-3 March 2011; Sharif University, Faculty of Mechanics, Tehran, Iran.
6. Korpi A, Lappalainen S, Kaliste E, Kalliokoski P, Reijula K, Pasanen, AL. Controlling occupational allergies in the workplace. Int J Occup Environ Health 2007; 20(2): 107-116.
7. Gray C, Hewitt P. Control of particulate emissions from electric-arc welding by process modification. Ann Occup Hyg 1982; 25(4): 431-8.
8. Jafari MJ, Shafiei B, RezazadehAzari M, Movahhedi M. Occupational Exposure to Welding Fumes Using Different Ventilation Scenarios. Int J Occup Hyg 2010; 1(2): 1-5.
9. Kulmala IK. Air flow field near a welding exhaust hood. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1997; 12(2): 101-4.
10. Suruda AJ, Pettit TA, Noonan GP, Ronk RM. Deadly rescue: The confined space hazard. J Hazard Mater 1994; 36(1): 45-53.
11. HSE W. Movable extraction: Fume hood on a flexible arm. WL-COSHH essentials for welding: hot work and allied processes, 2010.
12. Pocock D, Saunders CJ, Carter G. Effective control of gas shielded arc welding fume. Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive, UK, 2009.
13. Flynn MR, Susi P. Local exhaust ventilation for the control of welding fumes in the construction industry: A literature review. Ann Occup Hyg 2012; 56(7): 764-776.
14. Saunders C, Pocock D, Carter G. Controlling gas shielded arc welding fumes using an on-gun extraction system. Int J Vent 2010; 9(1): 77-82.
15. Zaidi S, Sathawara N, Kumar S, Gandhi S, Parmar C, Saiyed H. Development of indigenous local exhaust ventilation system: reduction of welder’s exposure to welding fumes. J Occup Health 2004; 46(4): 323-8.
16. Yapp D, Lawmon J, Castner H. Development of Lightweight Fume Extraction Welding Guns. DTIC Document, National Shipbuilding Research Program SP-7 Welding Pane, 2001.
17. ACGIH. A manual of recommended practice for design: Committee on industrial ventilation. 27th ed., Cincinnati, USA, 2010.
18. Marconi EM, Bravaccini MA. Capture Efficiency of Integral Fume Extraction Torches for GMA Welding¬-Part 1. Weld World 2010; 54(1-2): 3-15.
19. Shao Q, Xu T, Yoshino T, Song N. Multi-objective optimization of gas metal arc welding parameters and sequences for low-carbon steel (Q345D) T-joints. J Iron Steel Res Int 2017; 24(5): 544-55.
20. EN ISO 10882–1. Health and Safety in Welding and allied processes. Sampling of airborne particles and gases in the operator’s breathing zone– Part 1: Sampling of airborne particles. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001.
21. Yarahmadi R, Golbabaei F, Alipoor A, Rashidi M. Design and evaluation of the performance of local exhaust hood on the welding torch. Iran Occup Health 2016; 13(4): 12-22.
22. Standardization IOf, ISO 5725-1:1994. Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results-Part 1: General Principles and Definitions. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1994.
23. Standardization IOf, ISO 21748:2010. Guidance for the Use of Repeatability, Reproducibility and Trueness Estimates in Measurement Uncertainty Estimation International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
24. Iwasaki T, Saitoh I, Takemoto Y, Inada E, Kanomi R, Hayasaki H, Yamasaki Y.. Improvement of nasal airway ventilation after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with computational fluid dynamics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141(3): 269-278.
25. Ojima J. Performance of a fume-exhaust gun system in CO2 arc welding. J Occup Health 2006; 48(3): 207-9.
2. McMillan GHG. The health of welders in Her Majesty's Dockyards at Devonport, Portsmouth, Rosyth and Chatham: a review of the literature relating to the sources, nature, control, actual and potential biological effects of particulate and gaseous pollutants arising from welding processes used in HM Dockyards. MD thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 1983.
3. Antonini JM, Santamaria AB, Jenkins NT, Albini E, Lucchini R. Fate of manganese associated with the inhalation of welding fumes: potential neurological effects. Neurotoxicology 2006; 27(3): 304-10.
4. Wang J. Development and assessment of a novel amorphous silica encapsulation technology for mitigating biotoxicity of welding fume particles. Ph.D. thesis, University of Florida, USA, 2013.
5. Sheykhzade GA, Teymouri H, Amani J, Niroom and AH. Simulation and numerical analysis of dilution ventilation in a welding shop and explore optimal entry and exit of air. 2nd National Industrial Ventilation & Hygiene Conference, Tehran 2-3 March 2011; Sharif University, Faculty of Mechanics, Tehran, Iran.
6. Korpi A, Lappalainen S, Kaliste E, Kalliokoski P, Reijula K, Pasanen, AL. Controlling occupational allergies in the workplace. Int J Occup Environ Health 2007; 20(2): 107-116.
7. Gray C, Hewitt P. Control of particulate emissions from electric-arc welding by process modification. Ann Occup Hyg 1982; 25(4): 431-8.
8. Jafari MJ, Shafiei B, RezazadehAzari M, Movahhedi M. Occupational Exposure to Welding Fumes Using Different Ventilation Scenarios. Int J Occup Hyg 2010; 1(2): 1-5.
9. Kulmala IK. Air flow field near a welding exhaust hood. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1997; 12(2): 101-4.
10. Suruda AJ, Pettit TA, Noonan GP, Ronk RM. Deadly rescue: The confined space hazard. J Hazard Mater 1994; 36(1): 45-53.
11. HSE W. Movable extraction: Fume hood on a flexible arm. WL-COSHH essentials for welding: hot work and allied processes, 2010.
12. Pocock D, Saunders CJ, Carter G. Effective control of gas shielded arc welding fume. Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive, UK, 2009.
13. Flynn MR, Susi P. Local exhaust ventilation for the control of welding fumes in the construction industry: A literature review. Ann Occup Hyg 2012; 56(7): 764-776.
14. Saunders C, Pocock D, Carter G. Controlling gas shielded arc welding fumes using an on-gun extraction system. Int J Vent 2010; 9(1): 77-82.
15. Zaidi S, Sathawara N, Kumar S, Gandhi S, Parmar C, Saiyed H. Development of indigenous local exhaust ventilation system: reduction of welder’s exposure to welding fumes. J Occup Health 2004; 46(4): 323-8.
16. Yapp D, Lawmon J, Castner H. Development of Lightweight Fume Extraction Welding Guns. DTIC Document, National Shipbuilding Research Program SP-7 Welding Pane, 2001.
17. ACGIH. A manual of recommended practice for design: Committee on industrial ventilation. 27th ed., Cincinnati, USA, 2010.
18. Marconi EM, Bravaccini MA. Capture Efficiency of Integral Fume Extraction Torches for GMA Welding¬-Part 1. Weld World 2010; 54(1-2): 3-15.
19. Shao Q, Xu T, Yoshino T, Song N. Multi-objective optimization of gas metal arc welding parameters and sequences for low-carbon steel (Q345D) T-joints. J Iron Steel Res Int 2017; 24(5): 544-55.
20. EN ISO 10882–1. Health and Safety in Welding and allied processes. Sampling of airborne particles and gases in the operator’s breathing zone– Part 1: Sampling of airborne particles. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001.
21. Yarahmadi R, Golbabaei F, Alipoor A, Rashidi M. Design and evaluation of the performance of local exhaust hood on the welding torch. Iran Occup Health 2016; 13(4): 12-22.
22. Standardization IOf, ISO 5725-1:1994. Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results-Part 1: General Principles and Definitions. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1994.
23. Standardization IOf, ISO 21748:2010. Guidance for the Use of Repeatability, Reproducibility and Trueness Estimates in Measurement Uncertainty Estimation International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
24. Iwasaki T, Saitoh I, Takemoto Y, Inada E, Kanomi R, Hayasaki H, Yamasaki Y.. Improvement of nasal airway ventilation after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with computational fluid dynamics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141(3): 269-278.
25. Ojima J. Performance of a fume-exhaust gun system in CO2 arc welding. J Occup Health 2006; 48(3): 207-9.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 3 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Published | 2018-08-30 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Exhaust hood Fume exhaust gun Industrial ventilation on gun welding welding fume | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
YARAHMADI R, RASHIDI M, ALIPOOR A, MORIDI P. Evaluation of Ventilation Performance Parameters for an On-Gun Welding Prototype. Int J Occup Hyg. 2018;10(3):158-164.
