Risk Assessment of the Controlling Methods to Prevent the Harmful Environmental Effects from Fire and Explosion: A Case Study
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Abstract
Oil and gas production is an inherently hazardous activity due to the large volume of flammable and explosive hydrocarbons stored or processed in a facility. Therefore, formal risk assessments are necessary for various phases of the asset life cycle because they help personnel identify, evaluate, and control the hazards that could result in loss of life, injury, pollution, property damage, or business disruption. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of fire and explosion (F&E) in the Gas Treating Unit of a gas refinery using the DOW’S fire and explosion index in order to examine the influence of the controlling methods. Accordingly, the important processes of the subunits in the Gas Treating Unit were identified based on the important influential parameters such as process pressure, temperature, and material value. In the next step, the most important parameters affecting the fire and explosion index were calculated for each subunit. In each case, the corresponding control methods were identified and their effects were investigated. The results revealed that 5 subunits out of the 5 studied had a severe risk of fire and explosion. The feed gas K.O DRUM (Knock-out Drum) was the most critical subunit of the Gas Treating Unit, given an F & E index value of 235.62. According to the research findings, the controlling methods could reduce the F&E index but not less than 98.7.
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22. AIChE. Dow's Fire (9' Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide. 7th ed., American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1994.
23. Zaranejad A, Ahmadi O. Fire and explosion risk assessment in a chemical company by the application of DOW fire and explosion index. J Occup Health Epidemiol, 2015, 4(3), pp: 163-175.
24. Sadat Nezamodini Z, Rezvani Z, Kian K. Dow’s fire and explosion index: a case-study in the process unit of an oil extraction factory. Electron Physician, 2017, 9(2), pp: 3878-3882.
25. Atrkar Roshan S, Jabbari Gharedagh M. Economic Consequence Analysis of Fire and Explosion in Petrochemical Feed and Product Pipelines Network. Health Scope, 2013, 2(2), pp: 90-4.
26. Jafari M, Zarei M, Movahhedi M. The Credit of Fire and Explosion Index for Risk Assessment of Iso-Max Unit in an Oil Refinery. Int J Occup Hyg, 2012, 4(1), pp: 10-16.
27. Mardani M, Mofidi A, Ghasemi A. A Credit Approach to Measure Inherent Hazards Using the Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Index in the Chemical Process Industry: Case Study of an Iso-max Unit in an Iran Oil Refinery. Casp J Health Res, 2015, 1, pp: 1-17.
28. Bekhouche S, Mounira R. Fire and Explosion Risks in Petrochemical Plant: Assessment, Modeling and Consequences Analysis. J Fail Anal Prev, 2019, 19. 10.1007/s11668-019-00698-8.
29. Mihai Pasculescu V, Ghicioi E, Simion Morar M, Cornel Suvar M, Ioan Vlasin N. Consequence modelling of a truck explosion. MATEC Web of Conferences 290, 12023, 2019.
2. Crowl DA. Understanding Explosions. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 1 ed., Wiley-AIChE, July 2003.
3. CCPS. Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: A Life Cycle Approach. Center for Chemical Process Safety,2nd ed., 2008, pp. 412.
4. Fesenko O, Lysyuk V, Sakharova Z. Risk-Oriented Approach to Labor Protection at Grain Process Enterprises. Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s, 2019, 19(1), pp: 4-10.
5. Etowa CB.Quantification of inherent safety aspects of the DOW indices. J Loss Prevent Proc, 2002, 15, pp: 477-487.
6. Sarkheil H, Tavakoli J, Rezvani S. Inherent Safety Process Assessment in the Initial Phase of the Chemical Design Process: The Case of Acetic Acid Production Process. J Safe Promot Inj Prevent, 2019, 4(1), pp: 4-10.
7. Ade N, Liu G, Al-Douri AF, El-Halwagi MM, Sam Mannan M. Investigating the effect of inherent safety principles on system reliability in process design. Process Safe Environ, 2018, 117, pp: 100-110.
8. Abedi P, Shahriari M. Inherent safety evaluation in process plants— a comparison of methodologies. Cent Eur J Chem, 2005, 3(4), pp: 756-779.
9. Hosseini N, Givehchi S, Maknoon R. Cost-based fire risk assessment in natural gas industry by means of fuzzy FTA and ETA. J Loss PreventProcess, 2020, 63, pp: 104025.
10. Pula R, Khan FI, Veitch B, Amyotte PR. A Grid Based Approach for Fire and Explosion Consequence Analysis. Process Safe Environ, 2006, 84(2), pp: 79-91.
11. Yang R, Khan F, Yang M, Kong D, Xu Ch. A numerical fire simulation approach for effectiveness analysis of fire safety measures in floating liquefied natural gas facilities. Ocean Eng, 2018, 157(1), pp: 219-233.
12. Shi L, Kui Xu JSh. Fuzzy fault tree assessment based on improved AHP for fire and explosion accidents for steel oil storage tanks. J Hazard Mater, 2014, 278, pp: 529-538.
13. Sano K, Koshiba Y, Ohtani H. Risk assessment and risk reduction of an acrylonitrile production plant. J Loss Prevent Proc, 2020, 63, pp: 104015.
14. Hsu J-M, Su M-Sh, Huang Ch-Y, Duh Y-Sh. Calorimetric studies and lessons on fires and explosions of a chemical plant producing CHP and DCPO. J Hazard Mater, 2012, pp: 217–218, 19-28.
15. Kee Paik J, Czujko J, JuKim B, Kwan Seo J, Seong Ryu H, Chul Ha Y, Janiszewski P, Musial B. Quantitative assessment of hydrocarbon explosion and fire risks in offshore installations. MarStruct, 2011, 24(2), pp: 73-96.
16. Zengin Y, Dursun R, İçer M, Gündüz E, Durgun HM, Erbatur S, Damar Ö, Güloğlu C. Fire disaster caused by LPG tanker explosion at Lice in Diyarbakır (Turkey): July 21, 2014. Burns, 2015, 41(6), pp: 1347-1352.
17. Coco JC. Large property damage losses in the hydrocarbon chemical industries:a thirty –year review.J&H Marsh &Mclennan, New York, 1998.
18. Defteraios N, Kyranoudis C, Nivolianitou Z, Aneziris O. Hydrogen explosion incident mitigation in steam reforming units through enhanced inspection and forecasting corrosion tools implementation. Proc Ind, 2020, 63, pp: 104016.
19. AICE. Dow fire and explosion index hazard classification guide. 7th ed., American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1994.
20. Gupta JP, Khemani G, Sam Mannan M. Calculation of Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) value for the Dow Guide taking credit for the loss control measures. J Loss PreventProc, 2003, 16(40), pp: 235-241.
21. Jensen N, Jørgensen SB. Taking credit for loss control measures in the plant with the likely los fire and explosion index (LL-F&EI). Proc Safe Environ, 2007, 85(B1), pp: 51-58.
22. AIChE. Dow's Fire (9' Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide. 7th ed., American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1994.
23. Zaranejad A, Ahmadi O. Fire and explosion risk assessment in a chemical company by the application of DOW fire and explosion index. J Occup Health Epidemiol, 2015, 4(3), pp: 163-175.
24. Sadat Nezamodini Z, Rezvani Z, Kian K. Dow’s fire and explosion index: a case-study in the process unit of an oil extraction factory. Electron Physician, 2017, 9(2), pp: 3878-3882.
25. Atrkar Roshan S, Jabbari Gharedagh M. Economic Consequence Analysis of Fire and Explosion in Petrochemical Feed and Product Pipelines Network. Health Scope, 2013, 2(2), pp: 90-4.
26. Jafari M, Zarei M, Movahhedi M. The Credit of Fire and Explosion Index for Risk Assessment of Iso-Max Unit in an Oil Refinery. Int J Occup Hyg, 2012, 4(1), pp: 10-16.
27. Mardani M, Mofidi A, Ghasemi A. A Credit Approach to Measure Inherent Hazards Using the Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Index in the Chemical Process Industry: Case Study of an Iso-max Unit in an Iran Oil Refinery. Casp J Health Res, 2015, 1, pp: 1-17.
28. Bekhouche S, Mounira R. Fire and Explosion Risks in Petrochemical Plant: Assessment, Modeling and Consequences Analysis. J Fail Anal Prev, 2019, 19. 10.1007/s11668-019-00698-8.
29. Mihai Pasculescu V, Ghicioi E, Simion Morar M, Cornel Suvar M, Ioan Vlasin N. Consequence modelling of a truck explosion. MATEC Web of Conferences 290, 12023, 2019.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 3 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Published | 2019-10-10 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Risk Assessment Environmental Impacts Hydrocarbon Refining Storage Facilities | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Mehrshad F, Jozi SA, Malmasi S, Baradaran V. Risk Assessment of the Controlling Methods to Prevent the Harmful Environmental Effects from Fire and Explosion: A Case Study. Int J Occup Hyg. 2019;11(3):200-211.
