Evaluating Occupational Stress and Associated Burnout Based on Demand–Control Model among EMS Personnel in Ilam
-
Nematullah Kurd
,
Maryam Jamshidzad
,
Masood Poornajaf
,
Reza Charkhandaz Yeghaneh
,
Safoura Karimi
,
Samira Soleimani
,
Abbas Nasrolahi
Abstract
Occupational stress with the physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards is among the five main risks in the workplace. One of the most common techniques used for assessing occupational stress is the demand-control model developed by Karasek. This study was aimed to determine occupational stress and associated burnout based on Demand–Control Model among EMS personnel in Ilam. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 72 of Ilam emergency medical services center in 2016. Occupational stress was assessed by the Persian version of Job Content Questionnaire (P-JCQ) and the occupational burnout was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment levels. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were applied for data analysis via SPSS software version 21. Mean and standard deviation score for decision-making freedom, psychological demands, social support, physical demands, and job insecurity dimensions were (70.87±7.99), (35.18±4.84), (23.64±6.33), (16.30±2.86), (9.1± 4.65), respectively. About 27.3% of personnel reported their job active, 30.3% passive, 22.7% high strain, and 19.7% low strain. A comparison of the relationship between occupational stress and associated burnout showed a significant relationship between the decision-making freedom dimension and depersonalization level (P<0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the majority of personnel reported low psychological demands and low control. In such situation, the probability of mental disorders is increased.
Reference:
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31. Shen H-C, Cheng Y, Tsai P-J, Guo YL. Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. Journal of occupational health. 2005;47(3):218-25.
32. Chiu Y-L, Chung R-G, Wu C-S, Ho C-H. The effects of job demands, control, and social support on hospital clinical nurses' intention to turn over. Applied Nursing Research. 2009;22(4):258-63.
33. Eum K-D, Li J, Jhun H-J, Park J-T, Tak S-W, Karasek R, et al. Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the job content questionnaire: data from health care workers. International archives of occupational and environmental health. 2007;80(6):497-504.
34. Biganeh J, Abolghasemi J, Alimohammadi I, Ebrahimi H, Torabi Z, Ashtarinezhad A. Survey of occupational stress effects on burnout among nurses. 2018;13(1):10-18.
35. Hayes B, Douglas C, Bonner A. Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among haemodialysis nurses. Journal of nursing management. 2015;23(5):588-98.
36. Prinz P, Hertrich K, Hirschfelder U, de Zwaan M. Burnout, depression and depersonalisation–Psychological factors and coping strategies in dental and medical students. GMS Zeitschrift für medizinische Ausbildung. 2012;29(1) :1-14.
37. Xie Z, Wang A, Chen B. Nurse burnout and its association with occupational stress in a cross‐sectional study in Shanghai. Journal of advanced nursing. 2011;67(7):1537-46.
38. Portero de la Cruz S, Vaquero Abellán M. Professional burnout, stress and job satisfaction of nursing staff at a university hospital. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. 2015;23(3):543-52.
39. Spooner-Lane R. The influence of work stress and work support on burnout in public hospital nurses: Queensland University of Technology. Thesis . 2004:1-325.
40. Shahnazdoust M, Maghsudi S, Tabari R, Kazemnegad E. Relationship between nursing burnout and occupational support. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2012;20(80):49-59.
1. Li J, Yang W, Liu P, XU Z, CHO S-I. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese (mainland) version of Job Content Questionnaire: a study in university hospitals. Industrial health. 2004;42(2):260-7.
2. Karasek, R., & Theorell, T. Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life. New York: Basic Books.1990.
3. Brady KT, Sinha R. Co-occurring mental and substance use disorders: the neurobiological effects of chronic stress. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162(8):1483-93.
4. Assadi SN. Cardiovascular disorders risk factors in different industries of Iran. International journal of preventive medicine. 2013;4(6):728-45.
5. Levy BS. Occupational and environmental health: recognizing and preventing disease and injury: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Book.2006.
6. HeidariPahlavian A, Gholami T, HeidariMoghaddam R, Akbarzadeh M, Motamedzadeh M. Demand–Control model and its relationship with burnout syndrome in nurses. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. 2015;5(1):23-35.
7. Karasek Jr RA. Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative science quarterly. 1979;24(2):285-308.
8. Karasek R, Brisson C, Kawakami N, Houtman I, Bongers P, Amick B. The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): an instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics. Journal of occupational health psychology. 1998;3(4):322-38.
9. Johnson JV, Hall EM. Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. American journal of public health. 1988;78(10):1336-42.
10. Müller C, Bomball J, Schwanke A, Stöver M, Schmitt S, Görres S, et al. Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. Zeitschrift für Arbeits-und Organisationspsychologie A&O. 2014;58(2):101-3.
11. Ganjeh SJ, Oraizi HR, Molavi H, Nouri A. The Relationship of Employees' Job Control with Job Stress and Subjective Well-being. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2010;27(103).
12. Karasek RA, Theorell T, Schwartz JE, Schnall PL, Pieper CF, Michela JL. Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES). American journal of public health.1988;78(8):910-8.
13. McAllister M, McKinnon J. The importance of teaching and learning resilience in the health disciplines: a critical review of the literature. Nurse education today. 2009;29(4):371-9.
14. Essex B, Scott LB. Chronic stress andassociated coping strategies among volunteer EMS personnel. Prehospital emergency care. 2008;12(1):69-75.
15. Habibi H, Mooghali A, Bagheri Lankarani K, Habibi F. Relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and burnout with patients satisfaction in Shiraz, 2012. Journal of hayat. 2014;20(3):30-42.
16. Sadeghi a, Shadi m, Moghimbaeigi A. Relationship between Nurses’job satisfaction and burnout. Avicenna Journal of nursing and midwifery care. 2016;24(4):238-246.
17. Massoudi R, Aetemadifar S, Afzali SM, Khayri F, Hassanpour Dehkordi A. The influential factors on burnout among nurses working in private hospitals in Tehran. Iranian journal of nursing research. 2008;3(9):47-58.
18. Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. Journal of occupational health psychology. 1996;1(1):27-36.
19. Siegrist J, Siegrist K, Weber I. Sociological concepts in the etiology of chronic disease: the case of ischemic heart disease. Social Science & Medicine. 1986;22(2):247-53.
20. Beckstead JW. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory among Florida nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2002;39(8):785-92.
21. Solaty K. Relationship of burnout among employees with mental health research center in Isfahan and produce nuclear fuel. Shahrekord J Med Sci. 2000;2(6):34-41.
22. Choobineh A, Ghaem H, Ahmedinejad P. Validity and reliability of the Persian [Farsi] version of the Job Content Questionnaire: a study among hospital nurses. 2011;17(4):335-341.
23. Karasek RA, Karasek R, Karasek Jr R, Gordon-Strachan G, Pietrowsky C, et al. Job content questionnaire and user's guide. 1985.
24. Karasek RA, Karasek R, Gordon-Strachan G, Pietrokovsky C, Frese M, Pieper C, et al. Job Content Instrument: Questionnaire and user's guide. 1985.
25. ESLAMI AH, RAJABI R, ASADI F. burnout among emergency medical services (EMS) staff. 2017;5(3):62-70.
26. Oyeleye O, Hanson P, O’Connor N, Dunn D. Relationship of workplace incivility, stress, and burnout on nurses’ turnover intentions and psychological empowerment. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration. 2013;43(10):536-42.
27. Scanlan JN, Still M. Job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention in occupational therapists working in mental health. Australian occupational therapy journal. 2013;60(5):310-8.
28. Lin Q-H, Jiang C-Q, Lam TH. The relationship between occupational stress, burnout, and turnover intention among managerial staff from a Sino-Japanese joint venture in Guangzhou, China. Journal of Occupational Health. 2013;55:458-467.
29. Ding Y, Qu J, Yu X, Wang S. The mediating effects of burnout on the relationship between anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among community healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2014;9(9): 107-130.
30. Barzideh M, Choobineh A, Tabatabaei SH. Job stress dimensions and their relationship to job change intention among nurses. Iranian Journal of Ergonomics. 2013;1(1):33-42.
31. Shen H-C, Cheng Y, Tsai P-J, Guo YL. Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. Journal of occupational health. 2005;47(3):218-25.
32. Chiu Y-L, Chung R-G, Wu C-S, Ho C-H. The effects of job demands, control, and social support on hospital clinical nurses' intention to turn over. Applied Nursing Research. 2009;22(4):258-63.
33. Eum K-D, Li J, Jhun H-J, Park J-T, Tak S-W, Karasek R, et al. Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the job content questionnaire: data from health care workers. International archives of occupational and environmental health. 2007;80(6):497-504.
34. Biganeh J, Abolghasemi J, Alimohammadi I, Ebrahimi H, Torabi Z, Ashtarinezhad A. Survey of occupational stress effects on burnout among nurses. 2018;13(1):10-18.
35. Hayes B, Douglas C, Bonner A. Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among haemodialysis nurses. Journal of nursing management. 2015;23(5):588-98.
36. Prinz P, Hertrich K, Hirschfelder U, de Zwaan M. Burnout, depression and depersonalisation–Psychological factors and coping strategies in dental and medical students. GMS Zeitschrift für medizinische Ausbildung. 2012;29(1) :1-14.
37. Xie Z, Wang A, Chen B. Nurse burnout and its association with occupational stress in a cross‐sectional study in Shanghai. Journal of advanced nursing. 2011;67(7):1537-46.
38. Portero de la Cruz S, Vaquero Abellán M. Professional burnout, stress and job satisfaction of nursing staff at a university hospital. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. 2015;23(3):543-52.
39. Spooner-Lane R. The influence of work stress and work support on burnout in public hospital nurses: Queensland University of Technology. Thesis . 2004:1-325.
40. Shahnazdoust M, Maghsudi S, Tabari R, Kazemnegad E. Relationship between nursing burnout and occupational support. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2012;20(80):49-59.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 2 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Published | 2020-07-30 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Occupational Stress Occupational Burnout Emergency Medical Services Ilam | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Kurd N, Jamshidzad M, Poornajaf M, Charkhandaz Yeghaneh R, Karimi S, Soleimani S, Nasrolahi A. Evaluating Occupational Stress and Associated Burnout Based on Demand–Control Model among EMS Personnel in Ilam. Int J Occup Hyg. 2020;12(2):95-106.
