Applications of Ultrasonic Testing (UT) for Irregularities Detection in Human Body and Materials: A Literature Review
Abstract
Ultrasonic testing (UT) for medical examination as well as metal flaw detection is a popular method. From the beginning of ultrasonic testing conducted by Mulhauser in 1931, a lot of new things and technologies emerged in UT testing. This review paper deals with progress in detecting human organs as well as materials flaws and future prospects of UT for metal flaw detection. Study on components of UT system is conducted. Then typical UT inspection system is determined. After that advantages and disadvantages of UT have been reviewed. Major types of waves in ultrasound with considering UT instruments have been reviewed as well. Progress in different areas of UT have been discussed extensively with more emphasis on progress in composite piezoelectric materials, variations of probes, EMAT (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer), focused probe, focusing axicon probe, focused phased arrays, LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) generation of ultrasound, acoustic holography, and ultrasonic microscopy. At the end future prospects of UT have been reviewed as well as recommendations have been provided.
1. Shull PJ. Nondestructive evaluation: theory, techniques, and applications. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, NW, USA, 2002.
2. National Instruments. Available from: http://zone. ni.com/cms/images /devzone/tut/1fig_ultra.gif
3. Valmont Utility. Matco Associates inc. Available from:http://www.matcoinc.com/default.aspx?type=wm&module=4&id=4&state=DisplayFullText&item=9106
4. Proceedings of 15th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Rome, Italy, 2000.
5. Leighton TG. What is ultrasound?. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 2007; 93(1-3): 3-83.
6. Ebara R. The present situation and future problems in ultrasonic fatigue testing – Mainly reviewed on environmental effects and materials’ screening. Intl J Fatigue. 2006; 28(11): 1465-1470.
7. Ermolov IN. Progress in the theory and principles of ultrasonic flaw detection. Soviet J Nondestructive Testing. 1980; 15(7): 559-565.
8. Ermolov IN. Progress in the theory of ultrasonic flaw detection. Problems and prospects. Russian J Nondestructive Testing. 2004; 40(10): 655-678.
9. Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 1998, Copenhagen, Denmark.
10. Danilov VN, Ermolov IN, Ushakov VM. Probes with Composite Piezoelectric Cells, Kontrol’. Diagnostika, 1999.
11. Baldev Raj T, Jayakumar M. Thavasimuthu, Practical Non-Destructive Testing, Woodhead Publishing, 2002.
12. Halmshaw R. Non-destructive testing. Edward Arnold, 1987.
13. Wikipedia. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer
(EMAT). Available from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ EMAT.
14. Jian X, Dixon S. Enhancement of EMAT and eddy current using a ferrite back-plate. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2007;136(1): 132-136.
15. Jian X, Dixon S, Edwards RS, Morrison J. Coupling mechanism of an EMAT. Ultrasonics. 2006; 44(1): e653-e656.
16. Ermolov IN, Vopilkin AKh, Badalyan VG. Calculations in Ultrasonic Flaw Detection. Brief Handbook, Moscow: EkhO+, 2000
17. Pchelintsev AA, Petrus’ AA. Experimental Study of Focused Refraction of Wave Fronts. Defektoskopiya. 1973; 1: 136-138.
18. Danilov VN, Ushakov VM. Effect of an Article’s Cylindrical Surface during Ultrasonic Testing with an Angle Probe. Defektoskopiya, 1998; 8: 13-19.
19. Danilov VN, Ermolov IN, Ushakov SV. Investigation of Scattering of Transverse Waves by Crack. Rus J Nondestructive Testing. 2001; 5: 42-49. [ (Engl. Transl.), 2001; 37(5): 345].
20. Moskovenko IB. Low-Frequency Acoustic Testing of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Structural and Refractory Products. V mire nerazrushayushchego kontrolya. 2002; 2: 26-28.
21. Wikipedia.LASER.Available from:http://commons .wikimedia.org/wiki/ Image: Laser.svg
22. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, vol. 7, 1987, Columbus, OH, USA.
23. Chabanov VE. Thermoelastic Excitation of Acoustic Signals in Solids with a FreeBoundary by Means of a Laser. Defektoskopiya. 1995; 7: 25-33.
24. Budenkov GA, Gurevich SYu. State-of-the-Art of Noncontact Methods and Means for Ultrasonic Testing, Defektoskopiya, 1981; 5: 5-33.
25. Kargapol’tsev AV, et al., Generation of Ultrasonic Oscillations in Metals by a High-Current Electron Beam Emitted into the Atmosphere, Defektoskopiya, 1982; 6: 42-48.
26. Paul CP, Jain A, Ganesh P, Negi J, Nath AK. Laser rapid manufacturing of Colmonoy-6 components. Optics and Lasers in Engin. 2006; 44(10):1096-1109.
27. Wilson TV. How Hologram Work, Optical holography. Available from: http://science.how stuffworks.com/hologram2.htm
28. Wikipedia. Hologram JPG. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hologramm.JPG
29. Herzfeld KF, Litovitz TA. Absorption and dispersion of ultrasonic waves. Academic Press, 2013.
30. Liu Y, Hu J. Trapping of particles by the leakage of a standing wave ultrasonic field. J Appl Physics. 2009; 106(3): 034903-034903-6.
31. Lee JR, Tsuda H. Fiber optic liquid leak detection technique with an ultrasonic actuator and a fiber Bragg grating, Opt Lett. 2005; 30(24): 3293-3295.
32. Truell R, Elbaum C, Chick BB. Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics. Academic Press. 2013.
33. Rose JL, Ultrasonic guided waves in solid media, 2014. Available from: https://assets.cambridge .org/97811070/48959/frontmatter/ 978110704895 9_frontmatter.pdf
34. Espinosa L, Prieto F, Brancheriau L, Lasaygues P. Effect of wood anisotropy in ultrasonic wave propagation: A ray-tracing approach. Ultrasonics. 2019; 91: 242-251.
35. Vernik L, Nur A. Ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of hydrocarbon source rocks. Geophysics. 1992; 57(5): 727-735.
36. Chaix JF, Garnier V, Corneloup G. Ultrasonic wave propagation in heterogeneous solid media: Theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Ultrasonics. 2006; 44(2): 200-210.
37. Mousavi SM, Ramazani A, Najafi I, Davachi SM. Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on rheological properties of asphaltenic crude oils. Petroleum Sci. 2012; 99(1): 82-88.
38. Siu KW, Ngan AHW, Jones IP. New insight on acoustoplasticity–ultrasonic irradiation enhances subgrain formation during deformation. Intl J Plasticity. 2011; 27(5): 788-800.
39. Mohanraj V, Jayaprakash R, Robert R, Balavijayalakshmi J, Gopi S. Effect of particle size on optical and electrical properties in mixed CdS and NiS nanoparticles synthesis by ultrasonic wave irradiation method. Materials Sci in Semiconductor Processing. 2016; 56: 394-402.
40. Yamakoshi Y, Miwa T. Effect of ultrasonic wave irradiation sequence in microhollow production produced by bubble cavitation. Japanese J Appl Physics. 2011; 50(7).
41. K Matsuura, M Hirotsune, Y Nunokawa, M Satoh, KeisukeHonda. Acceleration of cell growth and ester formation by ultrasonic wave irradiation, J Fermentation and Bioengineering. 1994; 77 (1): 36-40.
42. Trtnik G, Turk G, Kavčič F, Bosiljkov VB. Possibilities of using the ultrasonic wave transmission method to estimate initial setting time of cement paste. Cement and Concrete Res. 2008
43. Sohn H, JinLim H, DeSimio PM, Brown K, Derriso M. Nonlinear ultrasonic wave modulation for online fatigue crack detection. J Sound and Vibration. 2014; 333(5): 1473-1484.
44. Fromme P, Wilcox PD, Lowe MJS, Cawley P., On the development and testing of a guided ultrasonic wave array for structural integrity monitoring, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, Freq Control. 2006; 53(5): 777-785.
45. NDT Resource Center, The Collaboration for NDT Education, Iowa State University (2001-2014) Introduction to Ultrasonic Testing (Angle Beams I). Available from: https://www.nde-ed.org/ EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Ultrasonics/MeasurementTech/anglebeam1.htm
46. Badalyan VG, Bazulin EG. Algorithm of Coprocessing of Multifrequency and Multiangle Acoustic Holograms for Flaw Image Reconstruction. Defektoskopiya. 1989; 3: 25-33.
47. Voronkov VA, Danilov VN. Sensitivity Calibration of Ultrasonic Detectors Using ADD Diagrams. Rus J Nondestructive Testing. 2001; 37(1): 56-60. [English Translation].
48. UZDM-2001. Proc. of XVII St. Petersburg Conference “Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Metal Structures. UZDM-2001, St. Petersburg (Repino), Russia, 2001.
49. Ermolov IN, Vopilkin Akh. Calculation of Equivalent Sizes for Some Simulated Flaws, Defektoskopiya, 1998; 4: 3-10.
50. Mew JM, Webster JM, Thevar T, Schmidt T. A new computational remote acoustic impact NDT system for the inspection of composite materials and detection and quantification of corrosion, 2000
51. Danilov VN, Ermolov IN. Computer Simulation of Echo Signals from a Lateral Cylindrical Hole. Rus J Nondestructive Testing. 2001; 37(8): 3-10 [English Translation].
52. Dutton B, Boonsang SR, Dewhurst J. Modelling of magnetic fields to enhance the performance of an in-plane EMAT for laser-generated ultrasound. Ultrasonics. 2006; 44(1): 657-665.
53. Jian X, Dixon S, Grattan KTV, Edwards RS. A model for pulsed Rayleigh wave and optimal EMAT design. Sensors and Actuators A. Physical. 2006; 128(2): 296-304.
54. Inoue Y, Kikura H, Murakawa H, Aritomi M, Mori M. A study of ultrasonic propagation for ultrasonic flow rate measurement. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. 2008; 19(3-4): 223-232.
2. National Instruments. Available from: http://zone. ni.com/cms/images /devzone/tut/1fig_ultra.gif
3. Valmont Utility. Matco Associates inc. Available from:http://www.matcoinc.com/default.aspx?type=wm&module=4&id=4&state=DisplayFullText&item=9106
4. Proceedings of 15th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Rome, Italy, 2000.
5. Leighton TG. What is ultrasound?. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 2007; 93(1-3): 3-83.
6. Ebara R. The present situation and future problems in ultrasonic fatigue testing – Mainly reviewed on environmental effects and materials’ screening. Intl J Fatigue. 2006; 28(11): 1465-1470.
7. Ermolov IN. Progress in the theory and principles of ultrasonic flaw detection. Soviet J Nondestructive Testing. 1980; 15(7): 559-565.
8. Ermolov IN. Progress in the theory of ultrasonic flaw detection. Problems and prospects. Russian J Nondestructive Testing. 2004; 40(10): 655-678.
9. Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 1998, Copenhagen, Denmark.
10. Danilov VN, Ermolov IN, Ushakov VM. Probes with Composite Piezoelectric Cells, Kontrol’. Diagnostika, 1999.
11. Baldev Raj T, Jayakumar M. Thavasimuthu, Practical Non-Destructive Testing, Woodhead Publishing, 2002.
12. Halmshaw R. Non-destructive testing. Edward Arnold, 1987.
13. Wikipedia. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer
(EMAT). Available from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ EMAT.
14. Jian X, Dixon S. Enhancement of EMAT and eddy current using a ferrite back-plate. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2007;136(1): 132-136.
15. Jian X, Dixon S, Edwards RS, Morrison J. Coupling mechanism of an EMAT. Ultrasonics. 2006; 44(1): e653-e656.
16. Ermolov IN, Vopilkin AKh, Badalyan VG. Calculations in Ultrasonic Flaw Detection. Brief Handbook, Moscow: EkhO+, 2000
17. Pchelintsev AA, Petrus’ AA. Experimental Study of Focused Refraction of Wave Fronts. Defektoskopiya. 1973; 1: 136-138.
18. Danilov VN, Ushakov VM. Effect of an Article’s Cylindrical Surface during Ultrasonic Testing with an Angle Probe. Defektoskopiya, 1998; 8: 13-19.
19. Danilov VN, Ermolov IN, Ushakov SV. Investigation of Scattering of Transverse Waves by Crack. Rus J Nondestructive Testing. 2001; 5: 42-49. [ (Engl. Transl.), 2001; 37(5): 345].
20. Moskovenko IB. Low-Frequency Acoustic Testing of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Structural and Refractory Products. V mire nerazrushayushchego kontrolya. 2002; 2: 26-28.
21. Wikipedia.LASER.Available from:http://commons .wikimedia.org/wiki/ Image: Laser.svg
22. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, vol. 7, 1987, Columbus, OH, USA.
23. Chabanov VE. Thermoelastic Excitation of Acoustic Signals in Solids with a FreeBoundary by Means of a Laser. Defektoskopiya. 1995; 7: 25-33.
24. Budenkov GA, Gurevich SYu. State-of-the-Art of Noncontact Methods and Means for Ultrasonic Testing, Defektoskopiya, 1981; 5: 5-33.
25. Kargapol’tsev AV, et al., Generation of Ultrasonic Oscillations in Metals by a High-Current Electron Beam Emitted into the Atmosphere, Defektoskopiya, 1982; 6: 42-48.
26. Paul CP, Jain A, Ganesh P, Negi J, Nath AK. Laser rapid manufacturing of Colmonoy-6 components. Optics and Lasers in Engin. 2006; 44(10):1096-1109.
27. Wilson TV. How Hologram Work, Optical holography. Available from: http://science.how stuffworks.com/hologram2.htm
28. Wikipedia. Hologram JPG. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hologramm.JPG
29. Herzfeld KF, Litovitz TA. Absorption and dispersion of ultrasonic waves. Academic Press, 2013.
30. Liu Y, Hu J. Trapping of particles by the leakage of a standing wave ultrasonic field. J Appl Physics. 2009; 106(3): 034903-034903-6.
31. Lee JR, Tsuda H. Fiber optic liquid leak detection technique with an ultrasonic actuator and a fiber Bragg grating, Opt Lett. 2005; 30(24): 3293-3295.
32. Truell R, Elbaum C, Chick BB. Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics. Academic Press. 2013.
33. Rose JL, Ultrasonic guided waves in solid media, 2014. Available from: https://assets.cambridge .org/97811070/48959/frontmatter/ 978110704895 9_frontmatter.pdf
34. Espinosa L, Prieto F, Brancheriau L, Lasaygues P. Effect of wood anisotropy in ultrasonic wave propagation: A ray-tracing approach. Ultrasonics. 2019; 91: 242-251.
35. Vernik L, Nur A. Ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of hydrocarbon source rocks. Geophysics. 1992; 57(5): 727-735.
36. Chaix JF, Garnier V, Corneloup G. Ultrasonic wave propagation in heterogeneous solid media: Theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Ultrasonics. 2006; 44(2): 200-210.
37. Mousavi SM, Ramazani A, Najafi I, Davachi SM. Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on rheological properties of asphaltenic crude oils. Petroleum Sci. 2012; 99(1): 82-88.
38. Siu KW, Ngan AHW, Jones IP. New insight on acoustoplasticity–ultrasonic irradiation enhances subgrain formation during deformation. Intl J Plasticity. 2011; 27(5): 788-800.
39. Mohanraj V, Jayaprakash R, Robert R, Balavijayalakshmi J, Gopi S. Effect of particle size on optical and electrical properties in mixed CdS and NiS nanoparticles synthesis by ultrasonic wave irradiation method. Materials Sci in Semiconductor Processing. 2016; 56: 394-402.
40. Yamakoshi Y, Miwa T. Effect of ultrasonic wave irradiation sequence in microhollow production produced by bubble cavitation. Japanese J Appl Physics. 2011; 50(7).
41. K Matsuura, M Hirotsune, Y Nunokawa, M Satoh, KeisukeHonda. Acceleration of cell growth and ester formation by ultrasonic wave irradiation, J Fermentation and Bioengineering. 1994; 77 (1): 36-40.
42. Trtnik G, Turk G, Kavčič F, Bosiljkov VB. Possibilities of using the ultrasonic wave transmission method to estimate initial setting time of cement paste. Cement and Concrete Res. 2008
43. Sohn H, JinLim H, DeSimio PM, Brown K, Derriso M. Nonlinear ultrasonic wave modulation for online fatigue crack detection. J Sound and Vibration. 2014; 333(5): 1473-1484.
44. Fromme P, Wilcox PD, Lowe MJS, Cawley P., On the development and testing of a guided ultrasonic wave array for structural integrity monitoring, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, Freq Control. 2006; 53(5): 777-785.
45. NDT Resource Center, The Collaboration for NDT Education, Iowa State University (2001-2014) Introduction to Ultrasonic Testing (Angle Beams I). Available from: https://www.nde-ed.org/ EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Ultrasonics/MeasurementTech/anglebeam1.htm
46. Badalyan VG, Bazulin EG. Algorithm of Coprocessing of Multifrequency and Multiangle Acoustic Holograms for Flaw Image Reconstruction. Defektoskopiya. 1989; 3: 25-33.
47. Voronkov VA, Danilov VN. Sensitivity Calibration of Ultrasonic Detectors Using ADD Diagrams. Rus J Nondestructive Testing. 2001; 37(1): 56-60. [English Translation].
48. UZDM-2001. Proc. of XVII St. Petersburg Conference “Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Metal Structures. UZDM-2001, St. Petersburg (Repino), Russia, 2001.
49. Ermolov IN, Vopilkin Akh. Calculation of Equivalent Sizes for Some Simulated Flaws, Defektoskopiya, 1998; 4: 3-10.
50. Mew JM, Webster JM, Thevar T, Schmidt T. A new computational remote acoustic impact NDT system for the inspection of composite materials and detection and quantification of corrosion, 2000
51. Danilov VN, Ermolov IN. Computer Simulation of Echo Signals from a Lateral Cylindrical Hole. Rus J Nondestructive Testing. 2001; 37(8): 3-10 [English Translation].
52. Dutton B, Boonsang SR, Dewhurst J. Modelling of magnetic fields to enhance the performance of an in-plane EMAT for laser-generated ultrasound. Ultrasonics. 2006; 44(1): 657-665.
53. Jian X, Dixon S, Grattan KTV, Edwards RS. A model for pulsed Rayleigh wave and optimal EMAT design. Sensors and Actuators A. Physical. 2006; 128(2): 296-304.
54. Inoue Y, Kikura H, Murakawa H, Aritomi M, Mori M. A study of ultrasonic propagation for ultrasonic flow rate measurement. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. 2008; 19(3-4): 223-232.
| Issue | Vol 13 No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Published | 2021-03-30 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Ultrasonic wave NDT NDE Couplant EMAT | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Hasan M. Applications of Ultrasonic Testing (UT) for Irregularities Detection in Human Body and Materials: A Literature Review. Int J Occup Hyg. 2021;13(1):91-104.
