Application of Solid Phase Microextraction followed by Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector for Sampling and Analysis of Acetonitrile in Air
,
Abstract
Acetonitrile used as a solvent in manufactures and affects to central nervous system from inhalation exposure. The aim of this study was to develop a micro-solid phase extraction method for the determination of acetonitrile in the air matrix. The sampling was performed with a small diameter fused silica fiber coated with a thin film of stationary phase and was subsequently desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The effects of laboratory and sampling parameters were investigated and applied to the determination of acetonitrile in air matrix. The Carboxen/PDMS as the coating fiber showed better analytical performances compared to the PDMS fiber. Analysis of the data by ANOVA test at a 0.05 level of accuracy showed that the peak area of the sampler was significantly affected by temperature and humidity so that the optimum temperature was 20°C and the optimum humidity was 35%. Besides, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for acetonitrile in the GC system were 0.05 and 0.15 μg/ml, respectively. The solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been shown a suitable technique for sampling and analysis of acetonitrile in air. There was a good correlation between the SPME and national institute occupational safety and health (NIOSH) 1010 method under the optimum conditions.
Hashimoto K. ACETONITRILE. In: Morimoto K, and Dobson S. Physical and chemical characterizes of acetonitrile. International Labour organization and the World Health Organization Publishing, Geneva, USA, 1993; 149-154.
Greenberg M. Toxicological review of acetonitrile. In: Katherine A, and David L. Risk Assessment Division. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Publishing, Washington, USA, 1999; 25-31.
NIOSH. Acetonitrile: method 1606. Manual of Analytical Methods Report Niosh/ NMAM. 15 January 1998.
Wercinski M, Scheppers S. Solid Phase Microextraction. CRC Press.1999; 1:244-57.
Arthur CL, Pratt K, Motlagh S, Pawliszyn J, Belardi RP. Environmental analysis of organic compounds in water using solid phase micro extraction. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1992; 15(11):741–4.
Poerschmann J, Zhang Z, Kopinke F-D, Pawliszyn J. Solid Phase Microextraction for Determining the Distribution of Chemicals in Aqueous Matrices. Anal Chem 1997; 69(4):597–600.
Chai M, Pawliszyn J. Analysis of Environmental Air Samples by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29(3):693–701.
Hook GL, Kimm GL, Hall T, Smith PA. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for rapid field sampling and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Trends In Analytical Chemistry 2002; 21(8):534-44.
Supelco. Solid phase microextraction application guide and additional SPME literature. Sigma-Aldrich Report Supelco/guide. June 1999; 1-7.
Xue R, Dong L, Zhang S, Deng C, Liu T, Wang J, et al. Investigation of volatile biomarkers in liver cancer blood using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008; 22:1181–6.
Koziel JA, Jia M, Khaled A, Noah J, Pawliszyn J. Field air analysis with SPME device. Anal Chim Acta 1999; 400:153-62
Liu Y, Muralidhara S, Bruckner JV, Bartlett MG. Trace level determination of trichloroethylene in biological samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008; 22:797–806.
Sakhvidi MJZ, Bahrami A, Ghiasvand A, Mahjub H, Tuduri L. Determination of Inhalational Anesthetics in Field and Laboratory by SPME GC/MS. Analytical Letters 2012; 45:375–85.
Sakhvidi MJZ, Ghiasvand ARBA, Mahjub H, Tuduri L. SPME-based air sampling method for inhalation exposure assessment studies: case study on perchlorethylene exposure in dry cleaning. Environ Monit Assess 2012:45:2-9.
Popp E, Paschke A. Solid Phase Microextraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Carboxen-Polydimethylsiloxane Fibers. Chromatographia 1997; 46:419-25.
Chen C-Y, Hsiech C, Lin J-M. Diffusive sampling of methylene chloride with solid phase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A 2006:1137; 138–44.
Djozan D, Assadi Y, Haddadi SH. Anodized aluminum wire as a solid-phase microextraction fiber. Anal Chem. 2001; 73(16):4054-8.
Heidari HR, Shahtaheri SJ, Golbabaei F, Alimohamadi M, Rahimi-Froushani A. Trace analysis of xylene in occupational exposures monitoring. Iranian J Publ Health 2009; 38(1):89-99.
Heidari HR, Shahtaheri SJ, Golbabaei F, Alimohamadi M, Rahimi-Froushani A. Headspace solid phase micoextraction for trace analysis of ethyl benzene in human exposure. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 2009; 3(2):5-12.
Shahtaheri SJ, Heidari HR, Golbabaei F, Alimohamadi M, Rahimi-Froushani A. Solid phase micoextraction for trace analysis of benzene in environmental monitoring. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering 2006; 3(3):169-176.
Penalver A, Pocurull E, Borrull F, Marce RM. Solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography to determine phenolic compounds in water samples. Journal of Chromatography A 2002; 953:79–87.
Jia M, Koziel J, Pawliszyn J. Fast Field Sampling/Sample Preparation and Quantification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Portable Gas Chromatography. Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology 2000; 4(2-3):73-84.
Grote C, Pawliszyn J. Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Human Breath. Anal Chem. 1997; 69:587-96.
Koziel JA, Martos PA, Pawliszyn J. System for the generation of standard gas mixtures of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds for calibrations of solid-phase microextraction and other sampling devices. Journal of Chromatography A 2004; 1025: 3-9.
Baldwin P, Maynard A. A survey of wind speeds in indoor workplaces. Ann Occup Hyg 1998; 42(5):303-13.
Lestremau FO, Andersson FA, Desauziers V, Fanlo Jl. Evaluation of Solid-Phase Microextraction for Time-Weighted Average Sampling of Volatile Sulfur Compounds at ppb Concentration. Anal Chem. 2003; 75:26-32.
Parreira F, Souza P. Analysis of amides in the air by sampling with SPME and detection by GC-FID. J Sep Sci. 2006; 29:346-50.
Pragst F. Application of solid-phase microextraction in analytical toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1393–414.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5 No 4 (2013) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Published | 2015-10-11 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Acetonitrile Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
